電暈放(fang)電又稱低(di)頻(pin)放(fang)電，是一種氣體在不均(jun)勻電場(chang)中(zhong)的(de)局部自持放(fang)電。

常見(jian)的(de)兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)本裝置如圖(tu)1.1所(suo)示，其中(zhong)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞15kV，頻率為20kHz~40kHz。外界大氣(qi)(qi)壓下(xia)，在(zai)曲率半徑很小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上加(jia)載高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位增加(jia)。在(zai)尖(jian)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)顯著的(de)空間(jian)不(bu)均勻性(xing)，導致該放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區域內的(de)場(chang)(chang)強高于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離需要(yao)的(de)場(chang)(chang)強，誘發工作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離，引發的(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)局部自持放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚至產生暈光(guang)。

圖 1 .1電(dian)暈放電(dian)基本電(dian)極裝置  （H V—高壓電(dian)源； R—外電(dian)極半(ban)徑； r—內電(dian)極半(ban)徑） （ A ）針(zhen)狀電(dian)極；（ B ）細線狀電(dian)極

電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)(de)外(wai)形、施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大小(xiao)以及用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)背景(jing)氣體(ti)種類(lei)等均(jun)(jun)會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)等離(li)子(zi)體(ti)性質。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)極所產生的(de)(de)非(fei)均(jun)(jun)勻電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)能量(liang)和密度(du)具有重要影響，其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)極影響更為(wei)顯(xian)著(zhu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)不均(jun)(jun)勻性把主(zhu)要的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)過(guo)程(cheng)局限于局部電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)很高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極附近，這個區(qu)(qu)域被稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)層(ceng)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)區(qu)(qu)域；在此外(wai)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)較弱導致(zhi)不發生或(huo)很少發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)，主(zhu)要依(yi)靠(kao)正、負離(li)子(zi)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)遷移運動傳導電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，此區(qu)(qu)域稱為(wei)遷移區(qu)(qu)域或(huo)外(wai)圍區(qu)(qu)域。

電暈(yun)放電具有以(yi)下分類方式：

1）根據高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性分為正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和負電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發生正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則發生負電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2）根(gen)據高壓電(dian)來源和(he)頻率的(de)(de)不同，電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)可分為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)、交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)和(he)脈(mo)沖電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)：直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)是(shi)通過直流(liu)(liu)高壓產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)；交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)是(shi)通過交(jiao)(jiao)變電(dian)壓產生(sheng)的(de)(de)一種電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)形式；脈(mo)沖電(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)是(shi)在高壓脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)作用下實現的(de)(de)局(ju)部放(fang)(fang)電(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)類型(xing)具(ju)有多種形式（圖1.2），對于針-板電(dian)(dian)極產生的(de)正電(dian)(dian)暈，初(chu)始為爆(bao)發式脈沖電(dian)(dian)暈，隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)不斷升高，逐步轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)為流(liu)光電(dian)(dian)暈、輝光電(dian)(dian)暈和(he)火花(hua)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)；當產生負電(dian)(dian)暈時，初(chu)始為特里奇脈沖電(dian)(dian)暈，繼(ji)而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為無(wu)脈沖電(dian)(dian)暈和(he)火花(hua)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

圖(tu) 1 .2 電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)形式(shi)  1.爆發(fa)式(shi)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)； 2.流(liu)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)； 3.輝光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)； 4.火花放(fang)電(dian)(dian)； 5.特里奇(qi)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)； 6.無脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)

1. Burst pulse corona; 2. Steamer corona; 3. Glow corona; 4 spark; 5. Trichy pulse corona; 6. Pulsess corona

電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)價(jia)格低(di)廉，易(yi)于(yu)操作等(deng)優點，已被應用于(yu)微生物凈化(hua)、表面(mian)處(chu)理等(deng)領域。電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)為(wei)弱電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)放電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率低(di)、分布不均且等(deng)離子(zi)體能量低(di)等(deng)特點；同(tong)時(shi)，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)需高(gao)強度電(dian)(dian)場(chang)，當施以高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)易(yi)造成氣(qi)體間隙擊穿，使放電(dian)(dian)向(xiang)絲狀(zhuang)轉化(hua)，導(dao)致被處(chu)理物料的損壞。

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